Background Orenburg Region is located in the South Urals, mostly in the steppe zone and is characterised by various landscapes suitable for many Chenopodiaceae. The species of Chenopodiaceae are present in all major plant communities (saline vegetation, steppes, on limestone, chalk and sand, and as degraded or ruderal communities). In the steppe zone, many native subshrubby species ( Atriplexcana , Caroxylonlaricinum , Suaedaphysophora ) playing a crucial role in semi-deserts (known as southern steppes in the recent Russian literature) located southwards of Orenburg Region are locally found, and several annuals ( Salicorniaperennans , Suaeda spp.) are most common dominants in plant communities. Some typical semi-desert species ( Kalidiumfoliatum , Bassiahyssopifolia , Sodafoliosa , Spirobassiahirsuta ) are found in the easternmost part of the region. New information We compiled a checklist of Chenopodiaceae in Orenburg Region, with two new records ( Chenopodiumvirgatum , Corispermumlaxiflorum ), based on our critical revision, comprehensive inventory of herbarium specimens and documented observations and field research. In total, we report 76 species in the Region, which is the third-highest number of the Chenopodiaceae species compared with other administrative territories of European Russia, North Caucasus and West Siberia. Alien and native taxa are distinguished. Zonal patterns of species distributions are confirmed. A preliminary conservation status is proposed for each native species. Three species are recommended for exclusion from the Red Data Book of Orenburg Region: Petrosimoniatriandra (because of its extensive distribution), Kalidiumfoliatum and Anabasissalsa (because of the lack of actual threat to their populations). Arthrophytumlehmannianum and Salsolarosacea are considered threatened (Vulnerable) because of their restricted occurrence and population size and because their localities are under anthropogenic pressure. Atriplexhortensis , Atriplexrosea , Chenopodiumacuminatum , C.karoi , C.praetericola , C.vulvaria , Climacopteraaffinis , C.crassa , Halimocnemiskarelinii , Salsolapaulsenii and Xylosalsolaarbuscula are excluded from the checklist, based on various reasons as discussed in the paper. Point distribution maps are provided for each species. Agriophyllumpungens (Vahl) Link is accepted as the correct authorship instead of "M.Bieb. ex C.A.Mey."

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The monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAO), which is bound on the membrane of mitochondria, catalyzes the oxidative deamination of endogenous and exogenous monoamines, including monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin, adrenaline, and dopamine. These enzymes have been proven to play a significant role in neurodegeneration; thus, they have recently been researched as prospective therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative illness treatment and management. MAO inhibitors have already been marketed as neurodegeneration illness treatments despite their substantial side effects. Hence, researchers are concentrating on developing novel molecules with selective and reversible inhibitory properties. Piperine, which is a phytochemical component present in black pepper, has been established as a potent MAO inhibitor. Piperine encompasses a piperidine nucleus with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antimalarial, antiviral, and anticancer properties. The current Review focuses on the structural changes and structure-activity relationships of piperidine derivatives as MAO inhibitors.

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