Background Soil viruses are fundamental yet often overlooked components of terrestrial ecosystems, where they profoundly influence microbial diversity, community assembly, and biogeochemical cycling through predator-prey dynamics and the carriage of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). However, the impact of human-driven land use change on viral communities and their functional potential remains poorly understood. Results In this study, we analyzed viral diversity, virus-host linkage, and functional profiles of AMGs across different land management regimes in acidic karst soil after reclamation. The results showed that both bacterial and viral communities significantly differ across the four land management regimes, which are unused land, grazing pastureland, abandoned pastureland, and fertilized grazing pastureland. Grazing led to a lower viral diversity, a decrease in lysogenic viral abundance, and fewer virus-host linkages. The diversity and function of AMGs were also significantly affected by land management regimes, with grazing leading to a reduction in both AMGs diversity and relative abundance. Furthermore, both the bacterial community and soil physiochemical properties were essential factors that shaped viral diversity and lifestyle. Conclusions Overall, our findings indicate that inappropriate land use (long-term grazing) disrupts the virus-host balance, thereby altering the functional profiles of the soil viral community.

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The protective potential of the methanol extract of Macrothelypteris oligophlebia rhizomes (MMO) for chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP) in rats was investigated in the present study. Carrageenan-induced CNP in rats was established. Fifty rats were randomly divided into sham-operated (sham-ope) group, model group, positive control group (Cernilton at a dose of 148mg/kg body weight) and two MMO-treated groups (MMO at doses of 600mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight). The anti-prostatitis effect was evaluated by prostate index, the levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and histopathological examination. After 20 days of administration, MMO could significantly decrease prostate index and the levels of IL-10, TNF-α COX-2 and PGE2 in serum and could improve the prostate morphology in comparison with the model group. In summary, these results suggest that MMO possesses protective effects on prostate, which might be beneficial to further development for the treatment of CNP.

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Background The present study was designed to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of the leaves of Aloe barbadensis against toxicity induced by diclofenac sodium in albino rabbits. Subjects and method Thirty-six healthy albino rabbits were randomly divided into six groups each with six animals. Group 1 served as the untreated control, group 2 was treated only with diclofenac sodium, group 3 with the nephroprotective drug silymarin and groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated with different doses of Aloe barbadensis, ie 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, respectively after being treated with diclofenac sodium. Blood samples were collected after every five days up to fifteen days. Haematological and histopathological parameters were determined by using diagnostic kits. Results Results of haematological studies showed that use of the powder of Aloe barbadensis normalized the level of different factors eg , white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), platelet count, packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) values. Histopathological studies showed that Aloe barbadensis ameliorated pyknotic nuclei in the renal epithelial cells and reduced oxidative stress by increasing the level of catalase and decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Conclusion These results have shown that Aloe barbadensis can normalize oxidative stress and can be used as an effective nephroprotective agent against drug-induced nephrotoxicity.

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Context Macrothelypteris oligophlebia (Bak.) Ching (Thelypteridaceae) is a Chinese herbal medicine used traditionally for the treatment of diseases such as edema, boils, burns, and roundworms. However, research about the nephroprotective potential of this plant is not available. Objective Present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol extract of M. oligophlebia rhizomes (EMO) on gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and methods Rats were intraperitoneal (i.p.) injected with GM (100 mg/kg) to induce nephrotoxicity and simultaneously EMO (250 and 500 mg/kg) was orally given to GM-treated rats for 8 days. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were evaluated in renal tissues. Histopathological analysis was used for evaluation of the renal damage. Results Administration with GM-induced renal dysfunction in rats. Pre-treatment with EMO (500 mg/kg) significantly decreased the levels of BUN, Cr, MDA and NO (decreased BUN from 12.71 ± 1.28 to 7.19 ± 0.23 mmol/l, Cr from 39.77 ± 5.34 to 19.17 ± 0.90 μmol/l, MDA from 5.60 ± 0.37 to 2.63 ± 0.24 nmol/ml, and NO from 868.17 ± 22.67 to 589.51 ± 8.83 μmol/ml), and also restored the activities of renal antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) (restored SOD from 1.59 ± 0.17 to 2.94 ± 0.13 U/mg protein, CAT from 3.22 ± 0.34 to 10.57 ± 0.27 U/mg protein, and GSH-Px from 9.11 ± 1.29 to 20.72 ± 1.83 U/mg protein). Discussion and conclusion Our results suggest that the rhizomes of M. oligophlebia potentially have a protective role in renal tissue against oxidative stress in acute renal failure.

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The spore morphology of 50 species of 14 genera of Thelypteridaceae from China was investigated under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The spores are monolete and bilaterally symmetric, elliptic, broadly elliptic or subrounded in polar view and kidney-shaped or rounded in equatorial view. The polar axes are 16.8-40.5 #mu#m long, and the equatorial axes are 12.8-58.0 #mu#m. On the basis of their ornamentation pattern, the spores are divided into seven types. (1) Psilate. Spores of Phegopteris decursive-pinnata belong to this type. (2) Retate. Spores of Pseudophegopteris belong to this type. (3) Circinate. Spores of Glaphyropteridopsis, Macrothelypteris oligophlebia belong to this type. (4) Fimbriate-alate. Spores of Parathelypteris subimmersa, P. japonica, P. angulariloba, Cyclogramma auriculata, most species of Macrothelypteris, and some species of Cyclosorus belong to this type. (5) Perforate-lophate. Spores of Parathelypteris, Mesopteris, Metathelypteris and P. connectilis belong to this type. (6) Cristate. Spores of Cyclosorus belong to this type. (7) Echinate. Spores of Leptogramma, Dictyocline, Thelypteris, Pseudocyclosorus subochthodes, most species of Cyclogramma, and some species of Cyclosorus belong to this type. The relationships of some genera in the Thelypteridaceae are discussed based on spore morphology.

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