Introduction Rhodiola rosea L., mainly known within the medicinal plant industry as golden root, Arctic root, or rose root, derives its name from its economic significance, distinctive morphology, and restricted geographical distribution. Extracts from Rhodiola rosea roots/rhizomes are widely used across Europe and Asia as ingredients of traditional herbal medicines and dietary supplements, with numerous claims regarding their adaptogenic effects. With the growing demand for pharmaceutical products that relieve stress-related fatigue and exhaustion, driven by technological advancements and increasing psychophysical challenges, R. rosea has become a highly sought-after resource. However, this heightened demand has also increased the risk of adulteration and the proliferation of low-quality products on the market. The reproducible efficacy and quality of R. rosea preparations are largely dependent on the variable content of key active compounds, such as rosavin, which directly influence product quality. The rapid expansion of the dietary supplement market, coupled with insufficient quality verification of products entering the market, underscores the need for rigorous identification and quality assessment of these products. Methods This study aimed to perform a phytochemical analysis of 13 dietary supplements claiming to contain R. rosea using HPTLC and LC-MS techniques and to correlate these findings with their anti-inflammatory activity in an LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cell model, in vitro . Results Our study indicates that nearly 60% of the tested preparations did not contain the declared amount of Rhodiola rosea roots/rhizomes or the characteristic marker compounds associated with this species. Furthermore, rosavin was detected in only 9 out of the 13 analyzed products, with 4 of these containing only trace amounts of this marker compound. Misidentification of R. rosea was most frequently observed among tablet and capsule formulations, whereas products in the form of cut raw material exhibited the highest quality. Moreover, rosavin significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cells. Discussion The identification of R. rosea in only 40% of the preparations underlines that rigorous control and standardisation of herbal supplements are crucial to understanding their therapeutic activity and preventing adulteration.

Makaleyi görüntüle

In terms of prevalence, thyroid pathology, associated both with a violation of the gland function and changes in its structure, occupies one of the main places in clinical endocrinology. The problem of developing low-toxic and highly effective herbal preparations for the correction of thyroid hypofunction and its complications is urgent. Salidroside is a glucoside of tyrosol, found mostly in the roots of Rhodiola spp., and has various positive biological activities. The purpose of this study was to study the antihypothyroid potential of salidrosid-containing extract from R. semenovii roots, which was evaluated on a mercazolyl hypothyroidism model. We showed that extract containing salidroside is a safe and effective means of hypothyroidism correction, significantly reducing ( p ≤ 0.001) the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone and increasing the level of thyroid hormones. The combined use of R. semenovii extract with potassium iodide enhances the therapeutic effect of the extract by 1.3-times.

Makaleyi görüntüle

Rhodiola semenovii Boriss. (Regel and Herder) might be a promising replacement for the well-known but endangered Rhodiola rosea L. In this research, the metabolic profile of R. semenovii , including drug-active and stress-resistant components, was studied in the context of source-sink interactions in situ in the dynamics of growth and development. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and liquid chromatography methods were used. The data obtained allow for assumptions to be made about which secondary metabolites determine the level of stress resistance in R. semenovii at different stages of ontogeny in situ. For the first time, an expansion in the content of salidroside in the above-ground organs, with its maximum value during the period of seed maturation, and a significant decrease in its content in the root were revealed in the dynamics of vegetation. These results allow us to recommend collecting the ground component of R. semenovii for pharmaceutical purposes throughout the seed development stage without damaging the root system.

Makaleyi görüntüle

Plants of the Crassulaceae family are natural accumulators of many medicinal secondary metabolites (SM). This article describes the study of morphophysiological, anatomic and phytochemical responses of immature plants of Rhodiolla semenovii under water deficit and (or) cold-stress conditions. Changes in biomass production due to water content in plant tissues such as a decrease in water deficit and an increase in cold stress were revealed. A significant decrease in the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus under stress conditions was noted, based on the parameters quantum efficiency of Photosystem II and electron transport rate and energy dissipated in Photosystem II. The greatest decrease in efficiency was pointed out in conditions of water shortage. The anatomical modulations of root and shoot of R. semenovii under stress conditions were found. For the first time, a detailed study of the chemical composition of the ethanol extract of root and shoot of R. semenovii under stress was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The qualitative and quantitative composition of SM associated with acclimation to the effects of abiotic stresses was determined. Both nonspecific and specific phytochemical changes caused by the action of water deficiency and cold treatment were identified. It has been shown that the antioxidant system in plant tissues is complex, multicomponent, depending on a number of natural and climatic factors. Further research should be focused on the use of abiotic stressors for the targeted synthesis of bioactive SMs valuable for pharmaceutical use.

Makaleyi görüntüle

Our study describes genetic lineages and historical biogeography of Rhodiola rosea a widely distributed arctic-alpine perennial species of the Northern Hemisphere based on sequence analysis of six chloroplast regions. Specimens of 44 localities from the Northern Hemisphere have been sequenced and compared with those available in the GenBank. Our results support the migration of the species into Europe via the Central Asian highland corridor, reaching the European Alpine System (EAS) and also the western European edge, the British Isles. The EAS proved to be an important center of genetic diversity, especially the region of the Eastern Alps and the Dolomites where signs of glacial refugia was observed. Apart from those of the EAS, a common lineage was detected along the Atlantic coast from the British Isles toward Scandinavia as well as Iceland and the eastern parts of North America. Accordingly, the British Isles represent a main link between the northern Atlantic and southern EAS lineages.

Makaleyi görüntüle