Rezene

Bitki adı: Fennel, fructus, fennel seed
Bilimsel adı: Foeniculum vulgare
Diğer adları: Fennel, fructus, fennel

REZENE - FoenicuJum vuJgare Miller subsp. vulgare (Umbelliferae). 1-2 m yükseklikte, çıplak, sarı çiçekli, özel kokulu ve otsu bir bitkidir. Anadolu’da yabanî olarak bulunduğu gibi, bahçe ve bostanlarda da yetiştirilir. Meyveleri gaz söktürücü ve koku verici olarak kullanılır. Yaprakları Batı Anadolu pazarlarında (İzmir, Antalya) satılmakta ve yemeklere koku ve tat vermek için kullanılmaktadır. Eş anl. Cumhur, Çumra (Karamanlı-Burdur), Raziyane, Rezdane, Rezdene. Sincibil. Sincilip (Adana). Foeniculum vulgare Miller subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Coutinho-Arapsaçı (İzmir), Bokluk otu (İnebolu), Malatora. Malatura. Meletüre (Silifke ve Tarsus dağ köyleri). Mayana (Diyarbakır. Dörtyol). Çok yıllık, kazık köklü ve yabanî olarak yetişen bir alt türdür. Yaprakları koku verici ve sebze olarak kullanılır. [Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü, Turhan Baytop, 2007]


Foeniculum vulgare

Genel Bilgiler


(La. Fructus Foeniculi, Al. Fenchelsaat, Fr. Fruit de fenouil, İn. Fennel seed) Foeniculum vulgare Miller (Umbelliferae) türünün olgun meyvas>dir. Bu tür 1 - 1.5 m yükseklikte, sarı çiçekli, yaprakları iplik bi­ çiminde parçalı, çok senelik otsu bir bitkidir. Kuzey Anadolu bölgesinde yabani olarak bu­ lunmaktadır. Meyvaları tatlı Iezzetli olan subsp. vulgare (Syn : F. dulce Miller) yetiş­ tirilir ve drog bu alttürden elde edilir. ·Dış görünüş : 6- 10 mm uzunluk ve 1.5- 4 mm genişlikte, silindir biçiminde, çok defa biraz kıvrık, tüysüz, genellikle saplı, esrnerim­ si yeşil veya yeşilimsi sarı renkli tanelerdir. Baharlı kokulu ve hafif yakıcı lezzetlidlr. Bileşim : Sabit yağ ve uçucu yağ (% 3 - 7) taşımaktadır. Etki ve kullanılış : Midevi, gaz söktürü­ cü ve süt arttırıcı etkilere sahip bulunmak­ tadır. Yaprağı yara iyi edici, kökü ise idrar avitırıcı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kullanılış şekli : Toz 0.5 - 1 gr, hap ha­ linde, günde birkaç defa. İnfusyon (% 2), günde 2 - 3 bardak. Bu şekli bilhassa süt ço­ cuklarında gaz oluşmasını önlemek yönün­ den etkilidir. Avrupa ülkelerinde, Anasona tercihen kullanılmaktadır. Bitkinin yapraklı genç gövdeleri, bilhas­ sa Ege bölgesinde gıda olarak kullanılmakta­ dır (1, 2). Diğer isimler : Arapsaçı, İrziyan, Maya­ na, Raziyane (farsça Raziyana kelimesinden), Tatlı rezene. ROKA (Herba Erucae) Eruca sativa Miller (Cruciferae) tUrünün taze yapraklarıdır. Bu tür 1 - 2 yıllık otsu bir bitkidir. Yapraklar loblu ve dişli kenarlı ve tüylü. Çiçekler sarımtırak veya beyazımtırak renkli esmer veya morumsu çizgili. Sebze o­ larak bahçelerde yetiştirilir. Yapraklar bir glikozitin parçalanına ürü­ nü olan yakıcı Iezzetli bir uçucu yağ ve vi- tarnin C taşımaktadır. Vitamin C miktarı ol­ dukça yüksek olup 100 gr taze yaprakta 150 mgr miktarını bulur. Taze yapraklar uyarıcı, kuvvet verici ve öksürük kesici olarak, bilhassa salata halinde kullamlmaktadır. Tohumları (Semen Erucae) da aym etki­ lere sahiptir. SABUNOTU KÖKÜ (Radix Sapon:ariae rubrae) Saponaria ofjicinalis L. (Caryophyllaceae) türünün kumtutmuş kökleridir. Bu tür 30-70 cm yükseklikte, çok yıllık, otsu ve pembe çi­ çekli bir bitkidir. Karadeniz bölgesi ormanla­ rında yetişir. Kökler saponinler (% 5 civarında) taşı- maktadır. Terletici, safra ve idrar söktürücü etkileri vardır. Dekeksiyon (% 6) günde iki bardak içilir. Aynı maksat için S. vaccaria L. (Syn: : Vaccaria pyramidata Medik.) (İnek sabuno­ tu) türü de kullanılabilir. Anadoluda yaygın bir bitkidir. ı - Kalças, E.L.: Food from the fields 30, Bornova (1980) . 2 - Çolakoğlu, M. ve Tömek, S.: Ege bölgesinde bazı yenebilen olların bileşimi 16, Bornova-İzmir (1975) .
Kaynak: Türkiye'de Bitkilerle Tedavi (Turhan Baytop), s. 206

Duke – Ethnobotany

Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Nas
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Burkill,1966
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Eb33: 229
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Leung
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Brutus
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Eb33: 230
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Nas
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Takeda
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Leung
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hartwell
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hartwell
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hartwell
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Liogier
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Keys
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Uphof
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Woi.Syria
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Brutus
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Al-Rawi
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Martinez
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Steinmetz
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Woi.Syria
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Leung
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Uphof
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Liogier
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Martinez
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Burkill,1966
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Woi.Syria
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | FontQuer
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Steinmetz
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Liogier
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Eb24: 390
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Brutus
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Steinmetz
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Nas
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Liogier
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Steinmetz
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Leung
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Takeda
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Steinmetz
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Burkill,1966
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Eb33: 31
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Burkill,1966
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Nas
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Woi.Syria
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Woi.Syria
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Liogier
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Steinmetz
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Brutus
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Steinmetz
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Al-Rawi
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Steinmetz
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Steinmetz
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Burkill,1966
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Liogier
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Brutus
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Al-Rawi
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Woi.Syria
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Liogier
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Uphof
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Woi.Syria
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Al-Rawi
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Steinmetz
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Keys
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Liogier
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Uphof
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Takeda
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Steinmetz
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Pittier
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hunan
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Al-Rawi
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Pittier
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Hartwell
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Woi.Syria
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke
Bilgi: Duke USEAGE: F | Bliss
Kaynak: James A. Duke

Bilimsel Araştırmalar

Pesticides are indispensable in agricultural production. They have been used by farmers to control weeds and insects, and their remarkable increases in agricultural products have been reported. The increase in the world's population in the 20th century could not have been possible without a parallel increase in food production. About one-third of agricultural products are produced depending on the application of pesticides. Without the use of pesticides, there would be a 78% loss of fruit production, a 54% loss of vegetable production, and a 32% loss of cereal production. Therefore, pesticides play a critical role in reducing diseases and increasing crop yields worldwide. Thus, it is essential to discuss the agricultural development process; the historical perspective, types and specific uses of pesticides; and pesticide behavior, its contamination, and adverse effects on the natural environment. The review study indicates that agricultural development has a long history in many places around the world. The history of pesticide use can be divided into three periods of time. Pesticides are classified by different classification terms such as chemical classes, functional groups, modes of action, and toxicity. Pesticides are used to kill pests and control weeds using chemical ingredients; hence, they can also be toxic to other organisms, including birds, fish, beneficial insects, and non-target plants, as well as air, water, soil, and crops. Moreover, pesticide contamination moves away from the target plants, resulting in environmental pollution. Such chemical residues impact human health through environmental and food contamination. In addition, climate change-related factors also impact on pesticide application and result in increased pesticide usage and pesticide pollution. Therefore, this review will provide the scientific information necessary for pesticide application and management in the future.

Makaleyi görüntüle
Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae). This serious and near-cosmopolitan disease continues to be a significant public health issue, with western China being the area of highest endemicity for both the cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) forms of echinococcosis. Considerable advances have been made in the 21st century on the genetics, genomics, and molecular epidemiology of the causative parasites, on diagnostic tools, and on treatment techniques and control strategies, including the development and deployment of vaccines. In terms of surgery, new procedures have superseded traditional techniques, and total cystectomy in CE, ex vivo resection with autotransplantation in AE, and percutaneous and perendoscopic procedures in both diseases have improved treatment efficacy and the quality of life of patients. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, control, and prevention of CE and AE. Currently there is no alternative drug to albendazole to treat echinococcosis, and new compounds are required urgently. Recently acquired genomic and proteomic information can provide a platform for improving diagnosis and for finding new drug and vaccine targets, with direct impact in the future on the control of echinococcosis, which continues to be a global challenge.

Makaleyi görüntüle
Antioxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules such as free radicals. Flavonoids are phenolic substances widely found in fruits and vegetables. The previous studies showed that the ingestion of flavonoids reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and certain types of cancer. These effects are due to the physiological activity of flavonoids in the reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting low-density lipoproteins oxidation and platelet aggregation, and acting as vasodilators in blood vessels. Free radicals are constantly generated resulting in extensive damage to tissues leading to various disease conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's, renal diseases, cardiac abnormalities, etc., Medicinal plants with antioxidant properties play a vital functions in exhibiting beneficial effects and employed as an alternative source of medicine to mitigate the disease associated with oxidative stress. Flavonoids have existed over one billion years and possess wide spectrum of biological activities that might be able to influence processes which are dysregulated in a disease. Quercetin, a plant pigment is a potent antioxidant flavonoid and more specifically a flavonol, found mostly in onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli, and citrus fruits. It is a versatile antioxidant known to possess protective abilities against tissue injury induced by various drug toxicities.

Makaleyi görüntüle
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.

Makaleyi görüntüle
Cancer prevention and treatment using traditional Chinese medicines have attracted increasing interest. This study characterizes antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer, comprising 112 species from 50 plant families. The improved ABTS(*+) method was used to systematically assess the total antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, TEAC) of the medicinal extracts. The TEAC values and total phenolic content for methanolic extracts of herbs ranged from 46.7 to 17,323 micromol Trolox equivalent/100 g dry weight (DW), and from 0.22 to 50.3 g of gallic acid equivalent/100 g DW, respectively. A positive, significant linear relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (all R(2) values>/=0.95) showed that phenolic compounds were the dominant antioxidant components in the tested medicinal herbs. Major types of phenolic compounds from most of the tested herbs were preliminarily identified and analyzed, and mainly included phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, lignans, quinones, stilbenes, and curcuminoids. These medicinal herbs exhibited far stronger antioxidant activity and contained significantly higher levels of phenolics than common vegetables and fruits. Traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer might be potential sources of potent natural antioxidants and beneficial chemopreventive agents.

Makaleyi görüntüle

Kaynaklar ve Görseller

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