Jatrorrhizine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a bioactive metabolite in common medicinal plants, such as Berberis vernae Schneid., Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. and Coptis chinensis Franch. These plants have been used for centuries in traditional medicine for their wide-ranging pharmacological properties. This review emphasizes the latest and comprehensive information on the sources, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of jatrorrhizine. Studies on this alkaloid were collected from scientific internet databases, including the Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley Online Library and Europe PMC and CNKI, using a combination of keywords involving "jatrorrhizine", "sources", "pharmacology," "pharmacokinetics," and "toxicology". Jatrorrhizine exhibits anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, anticancer, anti-obesity and hypolipidemic properties, along with central nervous system activities and other beneficial activity. Studies of jatrorrhizine have laid the foundation for its application to the treatment of various diseases, but some issues still exist. Further investigations might emphasize 1) specific curative mechanisms of jatrorrhizine and clinical utility, 2) application prospect in the treatment of metabolic disorders, 3) comprehensive investigations of the toxicity mechanisms and 4) interactions of jatrorrhizine with other pharmaceuticals and development of derivatives.

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Screening of ethnomedicinal plants for antimicrobial activity among plants used in Ghanaian folklore medicine to treat infectious conditions was conducted on Alstonia boonei (Apocynaceae), Balanites aegyptiaca (Balatinaceae), Bidens pilosa (Compositae), Distemonanthus benthamianus (Leguminosae), Funtumia elastica (Apocynaceae), Kigelia africana (Bignonaceae), Mitracarpus villosus (Rubiaceae), Parquetina nigrescens (Asclepiadaceae) and Penianthus zenkeri (Menispermaceae). The selection of the plants was based on ethnomedicinal use and literature search and the aim was to investigate the scientific basis of their use in treating infectious diseases. It was, in addition, aimed at selecting the plant with the most potent activity for detailed bioactivity and phytochemical studies. The methanolic extracts of the plants showed antimicrobial activity with an MIC range of 0.5 - 2.0mg/ml against at least three of the test bacteria (Gram-positives and Gram-negatives) and the yeast-like fungi, Candida albicans, used. F. elastica leaf was selected for further bioactivity studies based on its relatively more potent antimicrobial activity. Bioactivity-guided phytochemical investigation of F. elastica, used to treat infections ... (continues)

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Extracts of the stems and roots of Heptacyclum zenkeri Engl. (Menispermaceae) (syn. Penianthus Zenkeri Diels) collected in Ghana afforded the protoberberine alkaloids palmatine and jatrorrhizine and the aporphine alkaloid magnoflorine.

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