Global warming has resulted in an increase in the frequency of extreme high-temperature events. High temperatures can increase cell membrane permeability, elevate levels of osmotic adjustment substances, reduce photosynthetic capacity, impair plant growth and development, and even result in plant death. Under high-temperature stress, plants mitigate damage through physiological and biochemical adjustments, heat signal transduction, the regulation of transcription factors, and the synthesis of heat shock proteins. However, different plants exhibit varying regulatory abilities and temperature tolerances. Investigating the heat-resistance and regulatory mechanisms of plants can facilitate the development of heat-resistant varieties for plant genetic breeding and landscaping applications. This paper presents a systematic review of plant physiological and biochemical responses, regulatory substances, signal transduction pathways, molecular mechanisms-including the regulation of heat shock transcription factors and heat shock proteins-and the role of plant hormones under high-temperature stress. The study constructed a molecular regulatory network encompassing Ca 2+ signaling, plant hormone pathways, and heat shock transcription factors, and it systematically elucidated the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of plant thermotolerance, thereby providing a scientific foundation for the development of heat-resistant plant varieties.

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Hemanthamine [466-75-1] C17H19NO4 (301.35). mp 203~203.5ºC, [a]D 25 = +19.7º (c = 3.8, methanol), [a]D 25 = +33 (c = 1.25, CHCl3). Pharm: Antihypertensive (mild); antiretroviral and cytotoxic (ID50 = 0.8µg/mL, TC50 = 1.0µg/mL, TI50 (TC50/ID50) = 1.3)[5026].

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This index lists all 3367 normalized pharmacological activity terms appeared in the encyclopedia in alphabetical order and a number code sequence of the related compounds follows the bold term immediately.

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Background Eight medicinal plants were tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Different extraction methods were also tested for their effects on the bioactivities of the medicinal plants. Methods Eight plants, namely Herba Polygonis Hydropiperis (Laliaocao), Folium Murraya Koenigii (Jialiye), Rhizoma Arachis Hypogea (Huashenggen), Herba Houttuyniae (Yuxingcao), Epipremnum pinnatum (Pashulong), Rhizoma Typhonium Flagelliforme (Laoshuyu), Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (Houpo) and Rhizoma Imperatae (Baimaogen) were investigated for their potential antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Results Extracts of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis had the strongest activities against M. Smegmatis, C. albicans, B. subtilis and S. aureus. Boiled extracts of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Folium Murraya Koenigii, Herba Polygonis Hydropiperis and Herba Houttuyniae demonstrated greater antioxidant activities than other tested medicinal plants. Conclusion Among the eight tested medicinal plants, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis showed the highest antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Different methods of extraction yield different spectra of bioactivities.

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The anther of Magnolia biloba is tetrasporangiate with glandular tapetum, which consists of one or two layers of cells. Cytokinesis during meiosis of its microspore mother cell is modified simultaneous type, and the microspore tetrads are isobilateral. Mature pollen grains are two-celled. Tetrad cells and microspores are irregularly shaped during the microsporogenesis. There were two ovules on the ventral surface of unicarpellate ovary wall. Ovules were anatropous, bitegmnous and crassinucellar. Archesporial cell was one cell and differentiated from cell in the second layer beneath epidermis. The development of the embryo sac conformed to the polygonum type. The embryological characteristics of Magnolia biloba are very similar to those of other species in Magnoliaceae. The megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis and the development of their female and male gametophyte are partially abnormal. Abnormal phenomena in the process of reproduction of Magnolia biloba causing this species to be endangered was discussed.

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