Turp

Bitki adı: Radish, root, seed
Bilimsel adı: Raphanus sativus
Cins: Raphanus
Familya: Brassicaceae
Diğer adları: Radish

TURP OTU - fiaphanus rapfıanistrum L. (Cruciferae), 15-50 cm yükseklikte, beyaz, pembe veya sarı çiçekli, bir yıllık ve otsu bir bitkidir. Ege bölgesinde rozet yapraklan veya çiçek durumlan haşlandıktan sonra salata halinde veya pişirilerek sebze olarak yenmektedir. Bazı yörelerde Hardal otuna da aynı ad verilmektedir. Ege bölgesinde Sinapis alba\, (Hardal) türüne de Turp otu adı verilmekte ve aynı maksatlar için kullanılmaktadır. Bk. Hardal otu.[Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü, Turhan Baytop, 2007]


Raphanus sativus

Genel Bilgiler


Memleketimizde birçok turp çeşidi ye­ tiştiri!mekte ve sebze olarak kullanılmakta­ dır (1). Tedavi yönlinden aşağıdaki çeşitler önemlidir. TURP TOHUMU (Seınen Raphani) : Raphanus sativus L. (Cruciferae) türü­ nün olgun tohumlarıdır. Bu tUr sarı çiçekli ve bir yıllık bir bitkidir. Birçok çeşitleri kö­ kü veya tohumu için yetiştirilir. Tohumlar sabit yağ (% 35 - 50) ve gliko­ rafanin ismi verilen kiikürtlü bir glikozit ta­ şır. Bu glikozit hidroliz sonunda, ınikrop öl­ dürücii etkiye sahip bir hardal esansı verir. Turp tohumu, Avrupada pek tanınma­ masum karşılık, Osmanlı tababetinde geniş bir kullanılış alanı bulmuştur. Birçok terki­ bin (macun) içinde turp tohumu bulunur. U­ yarıcı, iştah açıcı, safra söktürücii ve mik­ roplarııı tirernesini önleyici etkileri vardır. Turpun salgın hastalıkları önleyici etkisi pek eski devirlerden beri bilinmektedir. Mı­ sırda Keops ehraınının yapıını sırasında, sal­ gm hastalıklardan korumak için, işçilere so­ ğan ve sarımsak ile birlikte turp yeditildiğini biliyoruz (2). KARA TURP KÖKÜ (Radix Raphani nigri) : R. sativus L. var. niger türünün taze kö­ küdür. Kökler genellikle yumruk büyüklü- ğünde, üzeri siyahımsı ve iç kısmı ise beyaz renklidir. Hardal esansı ve vitamin C taşır. iştah açıcı, idrar söktürücü, karaciğeri kuvvetlendirİCİ ve safra söktürücü etkilere sahiptir. Köklerin sıkılması ile elde edilen usare (Kara turp suyu) içilir veya kökler sa­ Iata halinde taze olarak yenilir. KIRMIZI TURP KöKü (Radix Raphani radiculae) : R. sativus L. var. radicula türünün taze köküdür. Bu varyetenin kökleri fmdık veya ceviz büyüklüğünde olup parlak kırmızı renk­ lidir. Hardal esansı ve vitamin C taşımakta­ dır. Kuvvet verici, iştah açıcı, idrar arttıncı ve balgam söktürücü etkilere sahiptir. Taze olarak kullanılır. Diğer isimler : Fındık turpu. Y ABANİ TURP KöKü (Radix Raphani raphanistri) : R. raphanistrum L. türünün taze kökü­ dür. Bu tür 20 - 50 cm yükseklikte, az çok tüylü, sarı çiçekli, bir yıllık ve otsu bir bitki­ dir. Bütün Avrupa ve Anadoluda yabani o­ larak yetişir. Kökü ve yaprakları hardal esansı taşır ve iştah açıcı olarak kullanılır. Tohumlarm­ dan elde edilen yağdan sabun yapılmaktadır. ı - Ekinci, S.: özel sebzecilik 48, istanbul (1976) . 2 - Terzioğlu, A.: ilk Budist, Hıristiyan, islam hastaneleri ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri- VII. Türk Tarih Kongresi, Bildiriler ı : 299 (1972) .
Kaynak: Türkiye'de Bitkilerle Tedavi (Turhan Baytop), s. 246

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Kaynaklar ve Görseller

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